As water flows through the valve, a secondary response occurs.

当水流通过阀门，二级反应将会发生。

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An animal will show different responses for a primary response and a secondary response as shown in the figure.

如图所示，实验动物对初次免疫和二次免疫的应答有明显的不同。

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Abnormal response, such as neutropenia from marrow failure, infections, drugs, or toxins, is likely to result in secondary bacterial infections.

异常反应，如骨髓衰竭，感染，药物或毒素会造成中性粒细胞减少，很可能导致继发细菌感染。

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So, every time you're exposed to a new vaccine or a new antigen you go through this primary response before you have the secondary response.

所以,每当你接触到新疫苗或是新抗原,在再次免疫之前,机体将会经历这样的初次免疫过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Right, but if you just got the primary exposure, wouldn't the secondary response automatically-- not a booster shot, just the secondary response, because you were exposed?

但这时你已经获得这样的初次免疫,而因为你已经天然感染过该病毒,那么,在没有加强针的情况下,二次免疫是否无法自动发生

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If there were just-- if you were trying to create a positive reaction of antigens and it showed up naturally wouldn't it create this reaction anyway in terms of your body would create antibodies like the secondary response volume to antibodies?

如果这里仅有,如果在自然条件下,尝试建立抗原的阳性反应,抗体这是否会像这样反应,以你身体为例,你的身体是否会产生,同二次免疫一样的抗体浓度

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Response time is a secondary metric indicating something has already gone awry.

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